Question: The cross-tabulation table below reveals some characteristics for the population. For example, of the 19 persons, 63% are Male, and 74% are married.

Compute from these data the following conditional probabilities for a person drawn at random from this population:

a) Probability that a Female person is married:

b) Probability that a Married person is Male:

c) Assume that the ‘Chi-Squared’ statistic computed for this 2-by-2 table is 1.56.

What does this imply about the reliability of this evidence which suggests a relationship between Marital Status and Gender in the population from which these 19 persons are a representative sample?

d) What if the same proportional results were based on a sample ten-times larger; that is of 190 persons of which 40 were Married Females, etc.? How would the Chi-Squared test of statistical significance be different?