Calculate and interpret lambda for the following bivariate table. Show all of your work. SEX BY GOV

Question: Calculate and interpret lambda for the following bivariate table. Show all of your work.

SEX BY GOVERNOR’S APPROVAL RATING

Solution: We get

Directional Measures
			Value	Asymp. Std. Error^a	Approx. T^b	Approx. Sig.
Nominal by Nominal	Lambda	Symmetric	.157	.062	2.418	.016
		approval Dependent	.103	.064	1.546	.122
		gender Dependent	.227	.082	2.469	.014
	Goodman and Kruskal tau	approval Dependent	.067	.020		.000^c
	Goodman and Kruskal tau	gender Dependent	.144	.040		.000^c
a. Not assuming the null hypothesis.
b. Using the asymptotic standard error assuming the null hypothesis.
c. Based on chi-square approximation

Hence, we get lambda = 0.157. Also, if the gender is known, we observe a decrease of 22.7% in the error, whereas if Approval is known we see a decrease of 10.3% in the error.

8) a) What does it mean if standard deviation = 0?

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