Question: A professor is interested in whether there is a difference in counseling students’ statistics competency scores among 1) those who have never taken any statistics course, 2) those who have only taken an undergraduate statistics course, 3) those who have taken COUN 503, and 4) those who have taken an advanced statistic course while working on a Ph. D. The professor gathers information from a random sample of students and obtains the statistics competency scores. The scores are normally distributed.

a. What statistical test should be used to analyze these data?

b. Identify H₀ and H_a for this study.

c. Conduct the appropriate analysis.

d. Should H₀ be rejected? What should the researcher conclude?