15. For each of the following studies, (a) and (b), decide whether you can reject the null hypothesis that the groups come from identical populations. Use the .01 level. (c) Figure the effect size for each study. (d) ADVANCED TOPIC: Carry out an analysis of variance for study (a) using the structural model method.

17. Do students at various universities differ in how sociable they are? Twenty-five students were randomly selected from each of three universities in a region and were asked to report on the amount of time they spent socializing each day with other students. The result for University X was a mean of 5 hours and an estimated population variance of 2 hours; for University \(\mathrm{Y}, M=4, S^{2}=1.5\); and for University \(Z, M=6, S^{2}=2.5\). What should you conclude? Use the .05 level. (a) Use the steps of hypothesis testing, (b) figure the effect size for the study; and (c) explain your answers to parts (a) and (b) to someone who has never had a course in statistics.

19. What is the Bonferroni corrected significance level for each of the following situations?

21. What is the power of each of the following planned studies, using the analysis of variance with \(p<.05\) ?

23. An experiment is conducted in which 60 participants each fill out a personality test, but not according to the way the participants see themselves. Instead, 15 are randomly assigned to fill it out according to the way they think their mothers see them (that is, the way they think their mothers would fill it out to describe the participants); 15 as their fathers would fill it out for them; 15 as their best friends would fill it out for them; and 15 as the professors they know best would fill it out for them. The main results appear in Table 9-17. Explain these results to a person who has never had a course in statistics.

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