Statistics - Applications Projects

FREQUENCY TABLES and MEAN COMPARISON: Voters use various different sources of information - TV, radio,

FREQUENCY TABLES and MEAN COMPARISON: Voters use various different sources of information – TV, radio, newspaper or the internet. Some of those sources are more popular, others are less popular. Make a table in which you compare the weekly use of TV, radio, newspaper and internet (variables "prmedia_wk…"). Use the percentage of valid cases for this comparison. Also, compare the average use of each medium. Write a short paragraph describing and interpreting what we can learn from this table and the comparison of the average use.
On which level (nominal, ordinal, interval) are the variables on media consumption (prmedia_wk…) measured? Briefly explain your answer – why do you think it is nominal, ordinal or interval?
For sure, you have come across the regularly conducted presidential approval ratings in the news. The ANES also asked a question on presidential approval (variable "presapp_job_x"). What is the percentage of individuals approving of the president? Combine the categories "approve strongly" and "approve not strongly" into one category and the categories "disapprove not strongly" and "disapprove strongly" into a second category by using the RECODE option (TRANSFORM->RECODE into different variable). Researchers have been observing political polarization over the question on presidential approval (see, eg., Lebow/Cassino (2007), in Political Psychology, 719-746). That is to say, partisans are divided along party lines as to whether they approve or disapprove of how the president is handling his job. When the president is a Democrat, democratic partisans tend to approve of him while republican partisans tend to disapprove of him and vice versa. Can you find support for this hypothesis in your data? Use the variable on partisanship (pid_x) to create a cross table and compare presidential approval across the different groups of partisans. Do democrats approve of Obama to a larger degree than republicans? Have a look at Cramer’s V – is there a strong connection between partisanship and presidential approval? Report your findings and describe and interpret them in a short paragraph.
Studies have found that white racist attitudes hurt Obama on Election Day (see, eg, Piston (2010) in Political Behavior, 451-431). Racist attitudes are frequently assessed by means of the racial resentment scale that was also included in the ANES 2012. The racial resentment scale assumes that rejection of preferential treatment of Blacks indicates racism. That is to say, respondents who agree that Blacks should work their way up without special favors and that Blacks must try harder in order to get ahead are considered to have racist attitudes. Combine the two variables "resent_workway" and "resent_try" into one variable (TRANSFORM -> COMPUTE VARIABLE) by calculating the average that every respondent has [(resent_workway + resent_try) / 2 ] on the two variables. Can you confirm that there is a relationship between racist attitudes and colder feelings for Obama? Use a correlation coefficient of your choice to answer this question. Report the correlation between racism (your new variable) and feelings for Obama (use the feeling thermometer from the post-survey "ftpo_pres") and interpret your result in a short paragraph. What does the strength and the direction of the coefficient indicate? Also, compare this to the correlation between feelings for Romney and racist attitudes. What do you conclude?

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