1. Create a frequency distribution, including any appropriate measures of central tendency, for HOMOSEX.

1. Which measure of central tendency, mean or median, is most appropriate to summarize the distribution of HOMOSEX? Explain why.
2. Suppose we are interested in whether males and females have the same attitudes about homosexual relations? Create a frequency distribution, including any appropriate measures of central tendency, for HOMOSEX, this time separating results for men and women. (Use the Data-Split File command by clicking on Data, Split File, Organize Output by Groups, insert the variable SEX into the box labeled "Groups Based on," and click OK. Are there any differences in their measures of central tendency? Explain. (Remember, once you have completed this exercise, reset the Split File command to include all cases by clicking on Data, Split File, Analyze All Cases, Do Not Create Groups.)
3. Repeat b, this time using PREMARSX (acceptance of premarital sex) as your variable.

4. Picking an appropriate statistic to describe the central tendency of a distribution is a critical skill. Based on the GSSO2PFP-B, determine the appropriate measure(s) of central tendency for the following variables:

1. How often do respondents watch television? [TVHOURS]
2. Respondents' political views. [POLVIEWS]
3. The marital status of those sampled. [MARITAL]
4. Whether respondents have a gun in their home. [OWNGUN]
5. Number of brothers and sisters of those sampled [SIBS]?
6. Does respondent support legalization of marijuana? [GRASS]

#12: Discuss the advantages and disadvantages of all three measures of central tendency. Are you confident that one of these three is the best measure of central tendency? If so, why?

#5: Use GSS02PFP-B to study the number of hours that blacks and whites work each week. The variable HRS1 measures the number of hours a respondent worked the week before the interview. Use the Explore procedure to study the variability of hours worked, comparing blacks and whites (RACECEN1) in the GSS sample.

1. Is there much difference between the two groups in the variability of work hours?
2. Write a short paragraph describing the box plot that SPSS created as if you were writing a report and had included the box plot as a chart to support your conclusions about the difference between blacks and whites in the variability (and central tendency) of hours worked.

#14: You have been asked by your employer to prepare a brief statement on Internet usage at your company. Using the statistics from the following table, comment on your company's Internet usage characteristics.

Chapter 6:

1. The data contain responses to questions about the respondent's general happiness (HAPPY) and his or her subjective class identification (CLASS). Analyze the relationship between responses to these two questions with the SPSS Crosstabs procedure, requesting counts and appropriate cell percentages. Click on Analyze, Descriptive Statistics, and Crosstabs to get started.

1. What percentage of working-class people responded that they were "very happy"?
2. What percentage of lower-class people were "very happy"?
3. What percentage of those who were "pretty happy" were also from the middle and upper classes?
4. Most of the people who said they were "very happy" were from which two classes?
5. Is there a relationship between perceived class and perceived happiness? If there is a relationship, describe it. Is it strong or weak? (Hint: Use perceived class as the independent variable.)
6. Rerun your analysis, this time adding RACECEN1 as a control variable. Is there a difference in the relationship between perceived class and happiness for whites and blacks in the sample? (Because of the large number of racial categories, just compare blacks and whites.)

3. An editorial in your local newspaper reports that people with less education are more likely to support the use of spanking to discipline a child. You decide to use the GSS 2002 data to verify this reported relationship between attitudes toward spanking (SPANKING) and the level of education (use the variable DEGREE, which groups educational attainment into five categories).

1. Create the appropriate table using SPSS and the Crosstabs procedure.
2. Create a bar chart grouped by DEGREE to graphically display this same table. In SPSS, use a clustered bar chart. Click on Graphs and Bar. Select Clustered and then Define. In the box labeled "Category Axis" insert the variable SPANKING. In the box labeled "Define Clusters By" insert the variable DEGREE. Finally, in the section of the dialog box under "Bars Represent," select \% of cases.
3. Is there a relationship between the variables? What is its direction?
4. Do the data support the newspaper's assertion?
5. Use the Crosstabs procedure with RACECEN1 as a control variable to create separate tables for SPANKING by DEGREE for blacks and whites.
6. Is there a difference in support for spanking between blacks with different levels of education?
7. Is there a difference in attitude between whites with different levels of education?
8. Use the Crosstabs procedure with SEX as a control variable. Is there a difference in support between women and men?

#2. Do women and men have different opinions about welfare spending? Based on a subsample of the 2002 General Social Survey, the output in Figure $6.17$ shows respondent's sex (SEX) and attitudes toward welfare spending (NATFARE: Are we spending too little, about right, or too much?). Data are based on individuals 30 years or older.

1. Which is the independent variable?
2. What are the differences in attitudes between men and women?
3. What might be some other reasons that influence attitudes toward welfare spending? Suggest at least two reasons.

2. GSS respondents were asked whether they believed that women were not suited for politics (FEPOL). Examine how this variable is associated with respondent's sex (SEX) and educational attainment (DEGREE). Calculate the appropriate measure of association for each pair of variables. For the second pair, FEPOL and DEGREE, would gamma be an appropriate measure? Why or why not?

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