Assignment 3

Suppose that a psychologist examined learning performance under three temperature conditions: 50 degrees, 70 degrees, and 90 degrees. Three samples of subjects were selected, one sample for each treatment condition. A test of general achievement was administered and the data is presented below:

50 ^o 70 ^o 90 ^o

63 81 61

81 71 58

79 85 62

70 90 61

51 74 68

64 87 46

Use SPSS to conduct a one-way ANOVA to help you answer the following questions. Do not use any tables (i.e., t* or F* - report all answers from the output, unless you are specifically asked to do otherwise. Report in APA format - that is, the calculated statistic, df, and p-value when appropriate. Make sure to answer all parts within each question (i.e., in general, if there are 4 verbs in a sentence, I'll be looking for at least 4 answers). Please clearly label all answers for each question asked (or verb) - i.e., decision: reject the null.

1. Using the appropriate notation used in the lecture movies, report the means and standard deviations for the groups.
2. a. Is there evidence to indicate a difference in the variances at the .10 level of significance? b. Report the appropriate statistics. c. Make a decision (reject or fail to reject), d. Provide statistical evidence for your decision, and e. Make a final conclusion (i.e., There is sufficient evidence...or there is Insufficient evidence.)
3. a. Is there evidence to indicate a statistically significant difference among the learning performance of students under the three different temperatures? b. Report the appropriate statistics. c. Make a decision d. Provide statistical evidence for your decision. e. Make a final conclusion within the context of this example conclusion (i.e., There is sufficient evidence...or there is Insufficient evidence....).
4. Use SPSS to create 2 complex contrasts and 1 simple contrast by typing in coefficients (use whole numbers). First, compare the average of the two lower temperatures to the warmest temperature. Second, compare the average of the two warmer temperatures to the coldest temperature. Last, compare the warmest temperature with the coldest temperature. Answer the follow questions for all 3 contrasts: (In other words, answer a-e below for each contrast):
   1. Write the null and alternative hypotheses in symbols for each contrast.
   2. Assuming the variances are equal, report t and the standard error (use the appropriate symbol for the standard error) for each contrast.
   3. Using an alpha of .05, make a decision and provide statistical evidence for your decision for each contrast.
   4. Make a final conclusion about each contrast within the context of this example. Indicate the temperature for which the performance is better, statistically, if appropriate.
   5. If you were told to choose a critical value (at .05) to use to evaluate all three of the contrasts you conducted above, report this critical value. Based on your critical value, make a decision and provide statistical evidence for your decision for each of your contrasts.
5. Use SPSS to generate the appropriate post hoc test that corresponds to all possible pairwise comparisons. Answer the following questions for each contrast:
   1. Write the null and alternative hypotheses in symbols for each contrast.
   2. For each contrast: Report the confidence interval for each contrast, interpret the confidence interval within the context of this example (i.e., We can be 95% confident...), make a decision using the confidence interval results only, provide statistical evidence for your decision using the confidence interval results only, and make a final conclusion about each contrast within the context of this example. Indicate the temperature for which the performance is better, statistically, if appropriate.
   3. For each contrast: Report the p-value, make a decision about the null hypothesis and provide statistical evidence for your decision using the p-value.

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