Solutions Statistics

The International City Managers Association conducts a study of bureaucratic quality across a random

Question: The International City Managers Association conducts a study of bureaucratic quality across a random sample of 120 U.S. cities. Bureaucratic quality measures the degree to which agencies engage in strategic planning and generate organizational outcomes that closely match their organizational missions and goals. Quality is measured on a low, medium, and high scale. The Association’s researchers believe that bureaucratic quality will have a positive effect on economic development within the cities. Apply of the five steps of hypothesis testing and interpret the results.

Table 2. Economic Development by Bureaucratic Quality
Economic development			Bureaucratic quality			Total
Economic development			Low	Medium	High	Total
dimension0	Low	d	16	12	6	34
	Low	d	40.0%	24.0%	20.0%	28.3%
	Medium	d	14	16	8	38
	Medium	d	35.0%	32.0%	26.7%	31.7%
	High	d1	10	22	16	48
	High	d1	25.0%	44.0%	53.3%	40.0%
	Total		40	50	30	120
	Total		100.0%	100.0%	100.0%	100.0%