Question: Childhood participation in sports, cultural groups, and youth groups appears to be related to improved self-esteem adolescents. In a representative study, a sample of n = 100 adolescents with a history of group participation is given a standardized self-esteem questionnaire. For the general population of adolescents, scores on this questionnaire forma a normal distribution with a mean of u = 40 and a standard deviation of o = 12. The sample of group participation adolescents has an average of M = 43.84 Use a two-tailed test with x = .01.

a. Does this sample provide enough evidence to conclude that self-esteem scores for these adolescents are significantly different from those of the general population? Use a two-tailed test with x =.01

b. Compute Cohen’s d to measure the size of the difference.

C. Write a sentence describing the outcome of the size hypothesis test and the measure of effect size as it would appear in a research report.