Question: The issue of how much should be spent to solve particular U.S. social problems is a complex matter, and people have diverse and conflicting ideas on these issues. Not surprisingly, race and social class have an impact on how people perceive the extent of government spending. The 2002 GSS contains several questions on these topics. The bivariate tables present race and the variable NATFARE, which asked whether we were spending too much, too little, or the right amount of money to address welfare, and race and the variable NATEDUC, which asked about the amount of spending for education. To make your task easier, the expected value (Q is also included as the second number in each cell.

a. What is the number of degrees of freedom for each table?

b. Calculate chi-square for each table.

c. Test whether RACE and NATFARE are independent (alpha = .01). What do you conclude?

d. Test whether RACE and NATEDUC are independent (alpha = .01). What do you conclude?

e. To further specify the relationship, calculate an appropriate measure of association for each
table. Refer to Chapter 7 if necessary.