Question: Psychologists performed an experiment on male bank supervisors attending a management training course to investigate sex role stereotypes and personnel decisions. Among other tasks in their training course 48 supervisors were asked to make a decision on whether to promote a hypothetical applicant based on a personnel file. For half of them, the personnel file described a female applicant; for others the personnel file described a male applicant. The files were otherwise identical in all other respects. Results of the promotion decisions are given in the table below.

Based on the observed data, is there evidence of a bias against promotion of female applicants?

(a) State the null and alternative hypothesis.

(b) What statistical test procedure can be used to test the null hypothesis?

(c) Implement the test procedure and report your findings.