Solution) Benford's law, also called the first-digit law, states that in lists of numbers from many (but not a


Question: Benford's law, also called the first-digit law, states that in lists of numbers from many (but not all) real-life sources of data, the leading digit is distributed in a specific, non-uniform way shown in the following table.

Leading Digit 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9
Distribution of Leading Digit (%) 30.1 17.6 12.5 9.7 7.9 6.7 5.8 5.1 4.6

The owner of a small business would like to audit its account payable over the past year because of a suspicion of fraudulent activities. He suspects that one of his managers is issuing checks to non-existing vendors in order to pocket the money. There have been 790 checks written out to vendors by this manager. The leading digits of these checks are listed as follow:

Leading Digits 50 15 12 74 426 170 11 23 9

What is the critical value for this test at the 5% significance level (95% confidence level)? Do the data provide sufficient evidence to conclude that there is fraud committed?

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