Question: For each of the Summary Tables a through d, give a decision and a conclusion.

a) A study is conducted in which a number of people of low Socio-Economic-Status are checked for tuberculosis as are a number of people of higher Socio-Economic-Status. The question being addressed is if being of low Socio-Economic-Status increases the risk of tuberculosis.

Incidence rate of disorder among exposed = 0.0053

Incidence rate of disorder among non-exposed = 0.0047

Relative Risk = 1.1350

95%Cl Lower Limit = 0.9935

95%C I Upper Limit = 1.2965

b) A study was conducted in which a number of patients with postoperative pulmonary complications were asked their age. A like number of patients without pulmonary complications were asked their age. The question being addressed is if being older than 70 years of age at the time of the operation increase the risk of postoperative pulmonary complications.

Odds of exposure among those with the disorder = 0.0615

Odds of exposure among those without the disorder = 0.0275

Odds Ratio = 2.2379

95%CI Lower Limit = 0.9696

95%CI Upper Limit = 5.1653

c) A study was conducted determine if single session debriefing following a traumatic event prevents post traumatic stress disorder (PTSD). Sonic individuals were given the single session debriefing immediately following the traumatic event, other individuals were not debriefed. One year later, each individual was evaluated for PTSD.

Expected Values are in parentheses

Df =1

Critical Chi Square

: at alpha .05 = 3.8415, at alpha .01 = 6.6349

Chi Square Obtained = 2.0744

p = 0.1498

d. A correlational study was conducted to see if there is a relationship between the length of the postoperative hospital stay and the distance of the surgical site from the diaphragm. DF= 179

r Obtained = 0.0988

p-value = 0.1858