Question: Will a smiling person accused of a crime be treated more leniently than one who is not smiling? If so, does the type of smile make a difference? Subjects in an experiment were asked to assume the role of a student member of a college disciplinary panel and judge a student accused of cheating. Each subject received a file that contained, in addition to information about the accused student (“suspect”) and the alleged cheating incident, a color picture of the suspect portraying one of four facial expressions (described below). Subjects answered several questions about the likelihood of the suspect's guilt and how severe the punishment should be. These questions were combined into one "leniency score." Four groups of subjects were tested. Each group was randomly assigned to see one of the three types of smiles: a “felt” or genuine smile; a “fake” smile; a “miserable” smile or a neutral-expression control. Twenty randomly selected college students were randomly assigned to the four conditions with the constraint that there be an equal number of subjects (5) in each group. The three types of smile have been studied and categorized in previous research. Following are the data from this experiment.

Smile Type Leniency Score

felt smile 3.50

felt smile 4.00

felt smile 5.00

felt smile 4.50

felt smile 4.50

fake smile 5.50

fake smile 7.00

fake smile 7.00

fake smile 6.50

fake smile 7.50

miserable 3.50

miserable 4.00

miserable 5.00

miserable 4.00

miserable 5.00

neutral 2.50
neutral 3.50
neutral 2.00
neutral 4.00
neutral 3.50

Conduct the appropriate statistical test to answer the researcher’s questions. Use α=.05. Display the means and standard deviations. Display the results of the statistical test in the appropriate summary table. Conduct an appropriate follow-up test and compute the omega squared. Interpret your results.