Question: In the study described in Exercise 12.33, Ditto and Lopez (1992) found the following means for those who completed the dependent measure prior to taking the TAA test: unhealthy result, 6.6; healthy result, 6.9. They found the following means for those who completed the dependent measure after taking the TAA test: unhealthy result, 5.6; healthy result, 7.3. From their ANOVA, they reported statistics for two findings. For the main effect of test outcome, they reported the following statistic: F(1,73) 7.74, p0.01. For the interaction of test outcome and timing of the dependent measure, they reported the following statistic: F(1,73) 4.01, p 0.05.

1. Draw a table of cell means that includes the actual means for this study. Include the marginal means and the grand mean. To calculate the marginal means and grand mean, assume that equal numbers of participants were assigned to each cell (even though this was not the case in the actual study).
2. Describe the significant main effect in your own words.
3. Draw a bar graph that depicts the main effect.
4. Why is the main effect misleading on its own?
5. Is the main effect qualified by a statistically significant interaction? Explain. Describe the interaction in your own words.
6. Draw a bar graph that depicts the interaction. Include lines that connect the tops of the bars and show the pattern of the interaction.
7. Is this a quantitative or qualitative interaction? Explain.

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