Question: For several years, evidence has been mounting that folic acid reduces major birth defects. An issue of The Arizona Republic reported on a Hungarian study that provides the strongest evidence yet.  The results of the study, directed by Dr. Andrew E. Czeizel and Dr. Istvan Dudas of the National Institute of Hygiene in Budapest, were published in The New England Journal of Medicine.  For the study, the doctors enrolled 4753 women prior to conception. The women were divided randomly into two groups. One group took daily multivitamins containing 0.8 mg of folic acid, whereas the other group received only trace elements. A drastic reduction in the rate of major birth defects occurred among the women who took folic acid: 13 per 1000 as compared to 23 per 1000 for those women who did not take folic acid.

1. Is this study or an experiment? Explain your answer.
2. Draw a diagram of the design of the randomized comparative experiment.
3. What is the explanatory variable?
4. What is the response variable?

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