Question: Researchers at an academic hospital have conducted a study to determine risk factors for surgical site infections among joint replacement patients. First, the team identified patients who had a physician-diagnosed infection based on having 2+ positive microbiological cultures from the replaced joint. Second, the team selected patients who had a joint replaced and were similar to a patient with an infection on the basis of age, sex, and date of surgery. The frequency of potential risk factors in those infected and those not were compared.This included presence of comorbidities such as rheumatoid arthritis, diabetes, obesity, chronic renal insufficiency, and malnutrition. Additionally, the team assessed whether the patient required a blood transfusion during the procedure, history of prior joint arthroplasty, and whether there was a malignancy in the joint.

1. What type of study was conducted?
2. Do you think the selection of the comparison group was appropriate? Why or why not?
3. The team identified 462 infections and 462 patients who were infection free. Prior joint arthroplasty was identified among 121 patients with infections and 67 patients without infection. Calculate an appropriate measure of association based on the study design and numbers provided.
   
4. Provide an interpretation of the measure you calculated in part C.

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