Question: An intervention to reduce asthma-related emergency department visits was implemented in a primary care practice. The intervention consisted of three treatment groups: 1.) standard medical treatment, 2.) standard medical treatment + parent/patient education, 3.) standard medical treatment + education + home visit for asthma triggers. A total over 300 children were enrolled, 100 in each treatment arm. The results are below.

Use the data below to answer the following questions.

1. What are the incremental cost-effectiveness ratios comparing each treatment option?
2. Assuming the perspective of an insurance company, and the willingness to pay for the intervention is $20,000 for each 1 percent reduction in emergency department visits, what is the recommended treatment?
3. In what ways could the other treatment options become more cost-effective? (HINT: this applies to any treatment).
4. Suppose the research team compared costs/savings associated with the intervention rather than emergency department rates. What type of cost-effectiveness study would this be?

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