Question: The researcher in exercise 2 decides to conduct the same study using a within-participants design to control for differences in cognitive ability. He selects a random sample of subjects and has them study different material of equal difficulty in both the music and no-music conditions. The study is completely counterbalanced to control for order effects. The data appear next. As before, they are measured on an interval-ratio scale and are normally distributed; he believes that studying under quiet conditions will lead to better performance.

1. What statistical test should be used to analyze these data?
2. Identify \(H_{0}\) and \(H_{a}\) for this study.
3. Conduct the appropriate analysis.
4. Should \(H_{0}\) be rejected? What should the researcher conclude?
5. If significant, compute and interpret the effect size.

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