Question: (40 points total; 10 points each part)

The table below shows values of infant mortality rates for selected countries in 2013 (Source: United States Bureau of the Census, International Data Base; http://www.census.gov/ipc/www/idb/informationGateway.php). Infant mortality is defined as the number of deaths of infants under 1 year of age from a cohort of 1,000 live births.

Country Males Females

1. Eastern Africa
   Burundi 63.3 54.3
   Comoros 78.1 55.8
   Djibouti 59.2 44.1
   Eritrea 44.6 34.0
   Ethiopia 66.6 49.7
   Kenya 46.9 37.4
   Madagascar 50.2 42.0
   Malawi 81.0 72.9
   Mauritius 13.0 8.7
   Mozambique 76.8 72.4
   Rwanda 64.6 57.4
   Seychelles 13.9 8.2
   Somalia 110.7 92.8
   Tanzania 47.1 43.0
   Uganda 72.0 52.7
   Zambia 74.2 62.8
   Zimbabwe 29.6 24.8
2. Western Africa

Benin 61.8 55.2

Burkina Faso 85.7 70.7

Cape Verde 28.8 21.4

Côte d’Ivoire 68.1 55.1

Gambia, The 73.2 61.9

Ghana 43.8 35.5

Guinea 60.1 54.0

Guinea-Bissau 102.4 82.6

Liberia 75.3 66.5

Mali 113.2 99.6

Mauritania 62.5 52.3

Niger 92.6 83.2

Nigeria 78.0 67.7

Saint Helena 18.0 12.4

Senegal 60.2 47.4

Sierra Leone 83.6 66.1

Togo 55.0 41.3

These data have been entered into an Excel file, Africa 2013 , available on Blackboard. The dataset contains the variables: EastWest —whether the country is in East or West Africa

Country —name of the country

Males —the number of deaths of male infants under 1 year of age from a cohort of 1,000 live births

Females —the number of deaths of female infants under 1 year of age from a cohort of 1,000 live births

1. Do these data provide evidence that infant mortality for males in all these countries, on average, is higher than infant mortality for females by more than 8? Set up appropriate null and alternate hypotheses to answer this question, indicate clearly how you reached your conclusion, and specify (with diagrams) the critical and calculated values of the test statistic. Use α = .05, and interpret your findings.
2. Do these data show any difference, on average, between infant mortality for females in Eastern African countries and infant mortality for males in Western African countries? Use α = .01. What do you conclude, and why?
3. The "gender infant mortality gap" may be defined as the value of male infant mortality minus female infant mortality within each country. Do these data provide evidence that the gender infant mortality gap is higher in Eastern African countries than in countries of Western Africa? Use α = .05, and interpret your findings.
4. What assumptions are necessary for your test results in parts 1(a)–1(c) of this question to be valid, and what evidence can you provide regarding whether these assumptions are satisfied?

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