Question: We often describe our reaction to social rejection as "pain". A clever study asked whether social rejection causes activity in areas of the brain that are known to be activated by physical pain. If it does, we really do experience social and physical pain in similar ways. Subjects were first included and then deliberately excluded from a social activity while increases in blood flow in their brains were measured. After each activity, the subjects filled out questionnaires that assessed how excluded they felt. The "Social Distress" variable is measured by each subject’s questionnaire score after exclusion relative to the score after inclusion. The "Brain Activity" variable is activity in the anterior cingulated cortex, a region of the brain that is activated by physical pain.

1. Looking at the following scatterplot of the data, what does it tell you about the relationship between Social Distress and Brain Activity?
2. Find the equation of the least squares line of regression for this data set.
3. What does the correlation coefficient tell you about the relationship between Social Distress and Brain Activity?
4. If a subject has a Social Distress level of 3.0, predict their Brain Activity.
5. Are you confident that predictions based on the equation of the least squares line of regression will be quite accurate?  Why or why not?
6. What percentage of the variation in the Brain Activity can be explained by the regression on the Social Distress?

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