Question: Many traits are controlled by a dominant gene, A and a recessive gene, a. Suppose that two parents carry these genes in the proportion 3:1; that is, the probability of either parent giving the A gene is 0.75, and the probability of either parent giving the gene a is 0.25. Assume that the genes are selected from each parent randomly. To answer the following questions, you can imagine 100 trial births.

1. What is the probability that a child receives an A gene from both parents?
2. What is the probability that a child receives an A gene from one parent and an a gene from the other? Note that this can occur in two ways.
3. What is the probability that a child receives an a gene from both parents?
4. If the combinations AA and Aa both result in the same dominant trait ( say, brown hair) and aa results in the recessive trait ( say, blond hair), what is the probability that a child will have the dominant trait?

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