Question: "Was the law of Women and children first followed?" One of the most notable sea disasters was the sinking of the Titanic. The table summarizes the fate of the passengers and crew. A common rule of the sea is that when a whip is threatened with sinking, women and children are saved first.

Men Women Boys Girls

Survived 332 318 29 27

Died 1360 104 35 18

If we examine the data, we were that 19.6% of the men survived, 75.4 % of the women survived, 45.3% of boys, and 60% of girls. There appear to be differences, but are the differences significant?

1. Construct a bar graph showing the percentage of survivors in each of the four categories. What does the graph suggest?
2. Next treat the 2223 people aboard the titanic as a sample. Stipulate that the data in the table are sample data randomly selected from the population of all theoretical people who would find themselves in the same conditions. Realistically, no other people will actually find themselves in the same conditions, but we will make that assumption for the purposes of this discussion and analysis. We can then determine whether the observed differences have statistical significance. Use one or more formal hypothesis tests to investigate the claim that although some men survived while some women and children died, the rule of "women and children first" was essentially followed. Identify the hypothesis test(s) used and interpret the results by addressing the claim that when the Titanic sank on its maiden voyage, the rule of "women and children first" was essentially followed.

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