Question:

A group of researchers developed a mobile app to promote safer sex behaviors and encourage users to adhere to a regular testing regimen for sexually transmitted infections (STIs). To evaluate the effectiveness of this intervention, 3450 young adults between the ages of 18 and 29 who belong to a particularly high-risk group were recruited and randomized to receive either the new app or traditional health promotion materials (i.e. the standard of care (SOC). Participants were followed over time and the number of new STIs was recorded. The final results of the study are presented in the table below.

1. What is the estimated probability of having at least one infection by the end of the study for the intervention group? Interpret this probability in one sentence.
2. What is the estimated probability of having at least one infection by the end of the study for the standard of care group? Interpret this probability in one sentence.
3. Calculate the estimated risk difference (RD) to compare the risk of infection in the intervention group to the risk of infection in the standard of care group. Interpret this measure in one sentence.
4. Calculate the estimated risk ratio (RR) to compare the risk of infection in the intervention group to the risk of infection in the standard of care group. Interpret this measure in one sentence.
5. Calculate the estimated odds ratio (OR) to compare the odds of infection in the intervention group to the odds of infection in the standard of care group. Interpret this measure in one sentence.
6. Given these data, do you think the odds ratio is a good approximation of the risk ratio? Show your work to explain your answer.
7. Given the above measures of association, what do these results suggest about the effectiveness of the mobile app in the study population ? Do these measures of association alone provide sufficient evidence to support more widespread efforts to introduce this app to the target population ? If not, what could be done to further convince you?

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