Topic: "Critical Thinking: Is the Pain Medicine Duragesic Effective in Reducing Pain?"

Directions : Use STATDISK to process the data in "From Data to Decision" on page 581. Answer the questions in the spaces provided. Expand, where more space is needed. [Total Points: 50]

1. (10) Paste your STATDISK correlation/scatter plot here. Answer the questions about linear correlation.
   Solution: We get
   
   The plot above doesn’t show a very strong degree of linear association.
2. (10) Paste your STATDISK regression output here. Answer the question.

1. Prediction equation (based on the information given on STATDISK output in #1 above).
   
2. Equation of the regression line (treatment has no effect):

Solution: Using STATDISK we get

1. The regression model is
   After Treat = 1.910349 + 0.29661* Before Treat
2. If there is no effect, we get

After Treat = 3.2968

(in case of no effect we use the mean of Y)

3. (10) Paste your STATDISK output of the independent samples t-test here. Answer the questions.

1. Claim: The claim is that the mean pain intensity after treatment is LOWER than the mean pain intensity before treatment. In symbols:
   \[{{H}_{A}}:{{\mu }_{Before}}>{{\mu }_{after}}\]
2. Are the samples independent? How do you know? No, they are obviously not independent because this are paired data

4. (10) Paste your STATDISK output of the matched pairs t-test here. Answer the questions.

1. Claim: The claim is that the mean pain intensity after treatment is LOWER than the mean pain intensity before treatment. In symbols:
   \[{{H}_{A}}:{{\mu }_{d}}>0\]
   where \({{\mu }_{d}} \) is the mean difference (before – after)
2. Are the samples dependent? How do you know? Yes, they are because the data are paired.

5. (10) Answer both questions.

1. Is it better to use the independent samples procedure or the dependent samples procedure for processing the data?
   Since the data are paired, it is more appropriate to use the dependent samples procedure.
2. Given all the evidence that you have gathered from your tests, does the drug appear to be effective? Explain.

Yes, the drug appears to be effective. In fact, the paired-samples t-test yields a one-tailed p-value of p = 0.0068 < 0.05, which means that we support the claim that the mean difference (before-after) is significantly greater than zero.

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Solution: The downloadable solution consists of 4 pages, 366 words and 4 charts.
Deliverable: Word Document