Problem: The table below shows values of infant mortality rates for selected countries in 2011 (Source: United States Bureau of the Census, International Data Base; http://www.census.gov/ipc/www/idb/informationGateway.php ). Infant mortality is defined as the number of deaths of infants under 1 year of age from a cohort of 1,000 live births.

Country Males Females

1. Eastern Africa
   Burundi 66.4 57.1
   Comoros 70.3 54.7
   Djibouti 62.6 47.0
   Eritrea 46.8 35.7
   Ethiopia 88.0 65.9
   Kenya 55.0 49.5
   Madagascar 56.2 40.5
   Malawi 85.1 76.9
   Mauritius 13.7 9.2
   Mayotte 16.8 15.6
   Mozambique 81.2 76.7
   Rwanda 67.6 60.3
   Seychelles 14.6 8.6
   Somalia 114.5 96.3
   Tanzania 73.7 60.0
   Uganda 66.1 58.8
   Zambia 71.3 61.8
   Zimbabwe 32.0 26.9
2. Western Africa
   Benin 64.9 58.1
   Burkina Faso 88.9 73.7
   Cape Verde 30.8 23.0
   Côte d’Ivoire 64.8 57.8
   Gambia, The 77.3 65.9
   Ghana 52.0 45.0
   Guinea 64.3 57.7
   Guinea-Bissau 106.1 86.1
   Liberia 79.0 70.0
   Mali 118.2 104.3
   Mauritania 65.6 55.1
   Niger 117.2 107.1
   Nigeria 97.4 85.3
   Saint Helena 19.3 13.3
   Senegal 62.9 49.7
   Sierra Leone 87.2 69.3
   Togo 58.4 44.3

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      Do these data provide evidence that infant mortality for males in all these countries, on average, is higher than infant mortality for females by at least 10? Set up appropriate null and alternate hypotheses to answer this question, indicate clearly how you reached your conclusion, and specify (with diagrams) the critical and calculated values of the test statistic. Use α = .01, and interpret your findings.
   2. Do these data show any difference, on average, between infant mortality for females in Eastern African countries and infant mortality for females in Western African countries? Use α = .01. What do you conclude, and why?
   3. The "gender infant mortality gap" may be defined as the value of male infant mortality minus female infant mortality within each country. Do these data provide evidence that the gender infant mortality gap is higher in Eastern African countries than in countries of Western Africa? Use α = .01, and interpret your findings.

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