Table 1. Raw data for all problems on this exam. The raw data consists of the correct number of spoken items on a 64-item articulation test. It is possible to get a score of zero. Each item tests a speech sound in either the initial, medial or final position of a simple, single word.

Classroom A Classroom B

Pupil Score Pupil Score

AA 60 A7 51

BB 59 B7 63

CC 44 C7 58

DD 58 D7 57

EE 49 E7 61

FF 55 F7 58

GG 61 G7 55

HH 60 H7 59

II 60 I7 58

JJ 54 J7 29

KK 61 K7 44

LL 39 L7 55

MM 46 M7 58

NN 58 N7 54

OO 62 O7 61

PP 58 P7 58

QQ 61 Q7 60

RR 54 R7 59

SS 58 S7 42

TT 59 T7 38

UU 40 U7 62

VV 30 V7 54

WW 27 W7 60

XX 54 X7 61

YY 59 Y7 60

ZZ 54 Z7 58

1A 58 22A 49

2B 62 33A 58

3C 55 44A 41

4D 58 55A 54

5E 60 66A 61

6F 52 77A 58

Table 1, shown above, consists of the raw scores for the number of items correctly spoken on a 64-item articulation screening test by children in two third-grade regular education classrooms. There were 32 children in each classroom, roughly divided equally between boys and girls. The purpose of the screening test was to identify children who might benefit from a referral to the school’s speech-language pathologist.

For purposes of this exam, each classroom’s data is to be considered independently of the other classroom.

If you show your work and carefully label it for the computational problems, partial credit may be possible in the event of errors.

1. Using the raw data in Table 1, fill in the descriptive statistics for Table 2. 15 points

Table 2. Results of testing two classrooms of third-graders.

Standard Number

Mean Deviation Of Pupils

Classroom A

Classroom B

3. If your screening policy is to refer all children with (little) z scores below -1.50, who would you refer from each classroom? Show which child(ren) will be referred and the computed (little) z score. (Remember, only compare scores within a classroom; your sample size for each classroom is 32). 15 points

Referrals from Classroom A Referrals from Classroom B

Pupil (Little z) Pupil (Little z)

4. For child K7, in Classroom B, who has a raw score of 44, what proportion of children would be expected to score above 44, based upon the other scores of the children in Classroom B? 10 points

5. You are not entirely sure that the average performance of the two classrooms is similar, based upon the descriptive statistics shown in Table 2. You want to compare the means of the two classrooms to test the null hypothesis that the means are statistically the same, using an alpha of 0.05. Select the appropriate parametric test for this question and compute the statistic. Then, test this statistic for significance and report your finding. Be sure to name the statistical test that you are using. If you show the steps used in the computation and make an error, it may be possible to award partial credit. 40 points

1. The first question involves a parent participation study regarding the benefit of a parent attending stress management sessions while a child is receiving speech therapy. The theory is that if parents are more relaxed at home, communication situations will be less stressful for the child and fluency will improve. In this study, parents elected to attend or not attend the stress management sessions. Of 40 school-age children enrolled in therapy, parents of 31 children attended the stress management sessions and parents of 9 children did not. Among the 40 children who entered therapy with significant dysfluency in speech, 31 showed substantial improvement at the end of therapy and 9 demonstrated little or no improvement.
   Using the detailed information shown below, determine the relationship between parent participation in stress management and improved fluency among their children following speech therapy. If the relationship is statistically significant, with an alpha of 0.05, conduct the appropriate follow-up test to determine the strength of the relationship.
   State the question in the form of a null hypothesis and conduct the requested computations. Provide an interpretation of your results. Show your work.
   This question is worth 50 points.
   Raw Data:
   Improvement in Fluency
   Yes No
   Attended 28 3
   Parent Participation
   Did Not Attend 3 6 3
2. This question regards the relationship of the number of home exercises in fluency completed by clients and their parents with the number of blocks in fluent speech recorded in clinical observations at the conclusion of therapy. The 10 9-year-old children in this study all had substantial difficulty with fluent speech at the beginning of the school year. All of the children improved in fluency by the end of the school. At the end of the school year, each child’s continuous discourse was observed in 20 minute sessions involving talk with an experienced clinician. The clinician provided periodic prompts to encourage spontaneous and extended responses from the child, such as "tell me about summer vacation", or "tell me about the puppies in this picture". During the year, the parents were given a total of 15 fluency exercises to complete at home with their children, each exercise taking approximately one week to finish. One child’s parents completed 13 of the 15 exercises over the year as the highest number and one child’s parents completed only 3 exercises as the least number. The number of completed exercises and the number of speech blocks observed in the final interview session are recorded below.

Raw Data:

Number Completed Home

Child of Blocks Exercises

A 12 8

B 6 10

C 19 7

D 22 6

E 8 9

F 20 5

G 13 6

H 25 3

I 14 11

J 11 13

You do not know whether the number of speech blocks constitute equal interval numerals, since the severity of the fluency problem cannot be demonstrated to increase in a linear fashion as the number of blocks increases. Therefore, you decide to treat the number of speech blocks as ordinal numerals .

Your question involves the relationship between the number of speech blocks observed at the end of therapy and parent/child exercises completed during the school year. State this question as a null hypothesis in the form of a two-tailed question. Identify and compute the appropriate non-parametric statistic, and test the hypothesis for significance, using an alpha of 0.05. Interpret your results.

This question is worth 50 points. 4

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