Statistics - Reliability And Validity Projects

Table 56 Items from a Humor Measure 5. Conduct an item analysis on this scale for a single dimension.

Table 56

Items from a Humor Measure

5. Conduct an item analysis on this scale for a single dimension. (Note: You will want to reverse-scale either the Woody Allen or Don Rickles items, but not both sets of items.)

6. Conduct the analysis again, this time computing corrected item-total correlations for separate scales: (1) the Don Rickles scale and (2) the Woody Allen scale.

7. Compute correlations between each item and the other scale to assess discriminant validity.

8. Create a table to summarize your item analysis for the Don Rickles and Woody Allen scales.

9. Write a Results section based on your analyses.

Solution:

5. Single Dimension scale analysis

For this purpose reverse the Woody Allen items. With the reversed Woody Allen items and the Don Rickles items together, we get the following results with SPSS:

Inter-Item Correlation Matrix
	I like to make fun of others. (Don Rickles)	People find me funny when I make jokes about others. (Don Rickles)	I frequently make others the target of my jokes. (Don Rickles)	I love to get people to laugh by using sarcasm. (Don Rickles)	I make people laugh by exposing other people's stupidities. (Don Rickles)	item02Rev	item04Rev	item06Rev	item08Rev	item10Rev
I like to make fun of others. (Don Rickles)	1.000	.268	.221	.233	.071	.218	.116	.089	.024	.136
People find me funny when I make jokes about others. (Don Rickles)	.268	1.000	.591	.420	.338	.100	-.116	-.174	-.041	.056
I frequently make others the target of my jokes. (Don Rickles)	.221	.591	1.000	.297	.345	.024	-.163	-.071	-.038	.042
I love to get people to laugh by using sarcasm. (Don Rickles)	.233	.420	.297	1.000	.274	.165	.058	-.056	.146	.010
I make people laugh by exposing other people's stupidities. (Don Rickles)	.071	.338	.345	.274	1.000	.130	.010	-.057	.070	-.098
item02Rev	.218	.100	.024	.165	.130	1.000	.575	.294	.245	.284
item04Rev	.116	-.116	-.163	.058	.010	.575	1.000	.261	.434	.182
item06Rev	.089	-.174	-.071	-.056	-.057	.294	.261	1.000	.381	.554
item08Rev	.024	-.041	-.038	.146	.070	.245	.434	.381	1.000	.369
item10Rev	.136	.056	.042	.010	-.098	.284	.182	.554	.369	1.000

Summary Item Statistics
	Mean	Minimum	Maximum	Range	Maximum / Minimum	Variance	N of Items
Item Means	2.933	2.350	3.580	1.230	1.523	.291	10
Item Variances	.793	.610	1.044	.434	1.712	.023	10

Scale Statistics
Mean	Variance	Std. Deviation	N of Items
29.3300	19.415	4.40627	10

6. Separate scales

We now present the results of an item analysis for both scales separately:

Don Rickles

Reliability Statistics
Cronbach's Alpha	Cronbach's Alpha Based on Standardized Items	N of Items
.692	.688	5

Item Statistics
	Mean	Std. Deviation	N
I like to make fun of others. (Don Rickles)	2.35	.783	100
People find me funny when I make jokes about others. (Don Rickles)	2.49	.859	100
I frequently make others the target of my jokes. (Don Rickles)	2.41	.854	100
I love to get people to laugh by using sarcasm. (Don Rickles)	2.46	.881	100
I make people laugh by exposing other people's stupidities. (Don Rickles)	2.42	.781	100

Inter-Item Correlation Matrix
	I like to make fun of others. (Don Rickles)	People find me funny when I make jokes about others. (Don Rickles)	I frequently make others the target of my jokes. (Don Rickles)	I love to get people to laugh by using sarcasm. (Don Rickles)	I make people laugh by exposing other people's stupidities. (Don Rickles)
I like to make fun of others. (Don Rickles)	1.000	.268	.221	.233	.071
People find me funny when I make jokes about others. (Don Rickles)	.268	1.000	.591	.420	.338
I frequently make others the target of my jokes. (Don Rickles)	.221	.591	1.000	.297	.345
I love to get people to laugh by using sarcasm. (Don Rickles)	.233	.420	.297	1.000	.274
I make people laugh by exposing other people's stupidities. (Don Rickles)	.071	.338	.345	.274	1.000

Item-Total Statistics
	Scale Mean if Item Deleted	Scale Variance if Item Deleted	Corrected Item-Total Correlation	Squared Multiple Correlation	Cronbach's Alpha if Item Deleted
I like to make fun of others. (Don Rickles)	9.78	6.093	.275	.097	.709
People find me funny when I make jokes about others. (Don Rickles)	9.64	4.718	.621	.434	.562
I frequently make others the target of my jokes. (Don Rickles)	9.72	4.971	.544	.378	.599
I love to get people to laugh by using sarcasm. (Don Rickles)	9.67	5.213	.443	.213	.645
I make people laugh by exposing other people's stupidities. (Don Rickles)	9.71	5.784	.367	.167	.675

Scale Statistics
Mean	Variance	Std. Deviation	N of Items
12.13	7.771	2.788	5

Woody Allen

Now we get the following results for the Woody Allen scale

Reliability Statistics
Cronbach's Alpha	Cronbach's Alpha Based on Standardized Items	N of Items
.734	.736	5

Item Statistics
	Mean	Std. Deviation	N
I make people laugh by making fun of myself. (Woody Allen)	2.51	.937	100
I talk about my problems to make people laugh. (Woody Allen)	2.42	.855	100
People find me funny when I tell them about my failings (Woody Allen)	2.63	1.022	100
I am funniest when I talk about my own weaknesses. (Woody Allen)	2.59	.877	100
I am funny when I tell others about the dumb things I have done. (Woody Allen)	2.65	1.019	100

Inter-Item Correlation Matrix
	I make people laugh by making fun of myself. (Woody Allen)	I talk about my problems to make people laugh. (Woody Allen)	People find me funny when I tell them about my failings (Woody Allen)	I am funniest when I talk about my own weaknesses. (Woody Allen)	I am funny when I tell others about the dumb things I have done. (Woody Allen)
I make people laugh by making fun of myself. (Woody Allen)	1.000	.575	.294	.245	.284
I talk about my problems to make people laugh. (Woody Allen)	.575	1.000	.261	.434	.182
People find me funny when I tell them about my failings (Woody Allen)	.294	.261	1.000	.381	.554
I am funniest when I talk about my own weaknesses. (Woody Allen)	.245	.434	.381	1.000	.369
I am funny when I tell others about the dumb things I have done. (Woody Allen)	.284	.182	.554	.369	1.000

Summary Item Statistics
	Mean	Minimum	Maximum	Range	Maximum / Minimum	Variance	N of Items
Item Means	2.560	2.420	2.650	.230	1.095	.009	5
Item Variances	.892	.731	1.044	.313	1.428	.021	5

Item-Total Statistics
	Scale Mean if Item Deleted	Scale Variance if Item Deleted	Corrected Item-Total Correlation	Squared Multiple Correlation	Cronbach's Alpha if Item Deleted
I make people laugh by making fun of myself. (Woody Allen)	10.29	7.501	.473	.374	.697
I talk about my problems to make people laugh. (Woody Allen)	10.38	7.733	.493	.430	.690
People find me funny when I tell them about my failings (Woody Allen)	10.17	6.910	.531	.357	.674
I am funniest when I talk about my own weaknesses. (Woody Allen)	10.21	7.642	.494	.303	.689
I am funny when I tell others about the dumb things I have done. (Woody Allen)	10.15	7.098	.492	.355	.690

Scale Statistics
Mean	Variance	Std. Deviation	N of Items
12.80	10.808	3.288	5

7. Correlation s between each item and the other scale

Don Rickles Scale and the other items

Correlations
		DonRicklesScale	I make people laugh by making fun of myself. (Woody Allen)	I talk about my problems to make people laugh. (Woody Allen)	People find me funny when I tell them about my failings (Woody Allen)	I am funniest when I talk about my own weaknesses. (Woody Allen)	I am funny when I tell others about the dumb things I have done. (Woody Allen)
DonRicklesScale	Pearson Correlation	1	-.188	.032	.084	-.048	-.044
	Sig. (2-tailed)		.061	.752	.403	.634	.662
	N	100	100	100	100	100	100
I make people laugh by making fun of myself. (Woody Allen)	Pearson Correlation	-.188	1	.575 ^**	.294 ^**	.245 ^*	.284 ^**
	Sig. (2-tailed)	.061		.000	.003	.014	.004
	N	100	100	100	100	100	100
I talk about my problems to make people laugh. (Woody Allen)	Pearson Correlation	.032	.575 ^**	1	.261 ^**	.434 ^**	.182
	Sig. (2-tailed)	.752	.000		.009	.000	.070
	N	100	100	100	100	100	100
People find me funny when I tell them about my failings (Woody Allen)	Pearson Correlation	.084	.294 ^**	.261 ^**	1	.381 ^**	.554 ^**
	Sig. (2-tailed)	.403	.003	.009		.000	.000
	N	100	100	100	100	100	100
I am funniest when I talk about my own weaknesses. (Woody Allen)	Pearson Correlation	-.048	.245 ^*	.434 ^**	.381 ^**	1	.369 ^**
	Sig. (2-tailed)	.634	.014	.000	.000		.000
	N	100	100	100	100	100	100
I am funny when I tell others about the dumb things I have done. (Woody Allen)	Pearson Correlation	-.044	.284 ^**	.182	.554 ^**	.369 ^**	1
	Sig. (2-tailed)	.662	.004	.070	.000	.000
	N	100	100	100	100	100	100
**. Correlation is significant at the 0.01 level (2-tailed).
*. Correlation is significant at the 0.05 level (2-tailed).

Woody Allen scale and the other items

Correlations
		WoodyScale	I like to make fun of others. (Don Rickles)	People find me funny when I make jokes about others. (Don Rickles)	I frequently make others the target of my jokes. (Don Rickles)	I love to get people to laugh by using sarcasm. (Don Rickles)	I make people laugh by exposing other people's stupidities. (Don Rickles)
WoodyScale	Pearson Correlation	1	-.169	.049	.055	-.086	-.010
	Sig. (2-tailed)		.093	.626	.589	.392	.920
	N	100	100	100	100	100	100
I like to make fun of others. (Don Rickles)	Pearson Correlation	-.169	1	.268 ^**	.221 ^*	.233 ^*	.071
	Sig. (2-tailed)	.093		.007	.027	.020	.483
	N	100	100	100	100	100	100
People find me funny when I make jokes about others. (Don Rickles)	Pearson Correlation	.049	.268 ^**	1	.591 ^**	.420 ^**	.338 ^**
	Sig. (2-tailed)	.626	.007		.000	.000	.001
	N	100	100	100	100	100	100
I frequently make others the target of my jokes. (Don Rickles)	Pearson Correlation	.055	.221 ^*	.591 ^**	1	.297 ^**	.345 ^**
	Sig. (2-tailed)	.589	.027	.000		.003	.000
	N	100	100	100	100	100	100
I love to get people to laugh by using sarcasm. (Don Rickles)	Pearson Correlation	-.086	.233 ^*	.420 ^**	.297 ^**	1	.274 ^**
	Sig. (2-tailed)	.392	.020	.000	.003		.006
	N	100	100	100	100	100	100
I make people laugh by exposing other people's stupidities. (Don Rickles)	Pearson Correlation	-.010	.071	.338 ^**	.345 ^**	.274 ^**	1
	Sig. (2-tailed)	.920	.483	.001	.000	.006
	N	100	100	100	100	100	100
**. Correlation is significant at the 0.01 level (2-tailed).
*. Correlation is significant at the 0.05 level (2-tailed).

8. The following descriptive statistics are obtained for both scales:

Descriptive Statistics
	N	Minimum	Maximum	Mean	Std. Deviation
DonRicklesScale	100	6.00	24.00	12.1300	2.78762
WoodyScale	100	5.00	25.00	12.8000	3.28756
Valid N (listwise)	100

9. Based on the analysis, it is clear that both scales have a moderate to high degree of internal consistency (with Alpha’s 0.692 and 0.734 respectively). This shows that the items in each scale "stick together". Also the correlation between each scale and the other items are rather low, which suggest that these two scales measure a different type of humor.

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