C ritical Thinking: The fear of fly ing

The lives of many people are affected by a fear that prevents them from flying. Sports announcer John Madden gained notoriety as he crossed the country by rail or motor home, traveling from one football stadium to another. The Marist Institute for Public Opinion conducted a poll of 1014 adults, \(48 \%\) of whom were men. The results are depicted in the accompanying illustration from USA Today. The poll results show that \(12 \%\) of the men and \(33 \%\) of the women fear flying.

Analyzing the Results

1. Is there sufficient evidence to conclude that there is a significant difference between the percentage of men and the percentage of women who fear flying?
2. Construct a \(95 \%\) confidence interval estimate of the difference between the percentage of men and the percentage of women who fear flying. Do the confidence interval limits contain 0 , and what is the significance of whether they do or do not?
3. Construct a \(95 \%\) confidence interval for the percentage of men who fear flying.
4. Based on the result from Exercise 3, complete the following statement, which is typical of the statement that would be reported in a newspaper or magazine: "Based on the Marist institute for Public Opinion poll, the percentage of men who fear flying is \(22 \%\) with a margin of error of
5. Examine the completed statement in Exercise 4. What important piece of information should be included, but is not included?
6. In a separate Gallup poll, 1001 randomly selected adults were asked this question: "If you had to fly on an airplane tomorrow, how would you describe your feelings about flying? Would you be-very afraid, somewhat afraid, not very afraid, or not afraid at all? Here are the responses: Very afraid (18%), somewhat afraid (26\%), not very afraid \((17%)\), not afraid at all \((38 \%)\), and no opinion (196). Are these Gallup poll results consistent with those obtained by the survey conducted by the Marist Institute for Public Opinion? Explain. Can discrepancies be explained by the fact that the Gallup survey was conducted after the terrorist attacks of September 11 , 2001 , whereas the other survey was conducted before that date?
7. Does the USA Today illustration do a good job of depicting the survey results? Construct a graph which more clearly illustrates the survey results.

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