points (10%) Your nurse executive has informed all nurse practitioners and nurse managers that starting

Question 1: 10 points (10%)

Your nurse executive has informed all nurse practitioners and nurse managers that starting immediately, the hospital will no longer be compensated by Federal insurers for any conditions deemed to have occurred among hospitalized patients due to medical errors or incidents. Medical errors include, but are not limited to: falls, medication errors, nosocomial infections, etc. Unless the error rate is reduced, the hospital faces tremendous financial loss. You are tasked to do a study to determine if there is a significant difference in errors across the three shifts employees work (7-3, 3-11, 11 -7) within a 30 day period. See Table One of errors per shift in a 30 day period.

Table One – Errors in 30 Days

7 – 3	3 – 11	11 -7
6	10	12
0	3	10
0	8	11
3	3	9
1	8	8
2	4	10
0	2	8
14	5	13
3	5	9
3	2	11
6	12	6
4	4	16
3	6	10
5	8	8
0	13	9
3	4	14
3	6	9
6	7	10
9	6	13
2	3	15
3	2	15
3	5	8
5	7	14
4	2	12
2	6	13
5	5	11
4	4	12
2	9	14
0	6	13
3	8	14

From Table One, you are to use appropriate statistical tests to describe the sample and to determine if there is a significant effect for errors per hospital shift. Also, if there is a significant effect for shift, run post hoc comparisons (i.e. t -test, LSD). Write up your results and describe the manner in which you would collect these data and your rationale for the statistical tests chosen.

Question Two: 5 points (5%)

Article Summary:

Gary, F.A. & Yarandi, H.N. (2004). Depression among southern rural African American women. Nursing Research ., 54 (4). 251-259.

* An iterated principal-factor analysis was performed, in which squared multiple correlations were used for the initial communality estimates, and a Promax (oblique) rotation was used to identify the self reported dimensions of depression. The minimum 80% variance criterion and the scree plot were used to determine the optimal number of factors….. Two factors were extracted... The coefficient alphas for the factors suggested that the first two common factors were potentially reliable for this sample. The coefficient alphas for the two factors were 0.98 and 0.83, respectively. The two extracted factors explained 89% f the common variance. Two comparably sized eigenvalues of 5.35 and 5.53 were found for the reduced correlation matrix, and the correlation between the two oblique factors was 0.57 (p <0.001). Symptoms such as pessimism, worthlessness, punishment feelings, sadness, self-dislike, loss of interest, indeciveness, and past failure tended to load high on the first factor. All these symptoms were psychological and cognitive in nature. Therefore, Factor 1 was a cognitive dimension of self-reported depression. Factor II explained somatic symptoms such as tiredness or fatigue, loss of energy, concentration difficulty, irritability, changes in appetite, changes in sleeping pattern, loss of interest in sex, and loss of pleasure. Such factors were thought to represent a "somatic-affective" dimension of self reported depression.

* This exercise is taken from the Burns, N. & Groves, S. (2009). The Practice of Nursing Research : Appraisal, synthesis, and generation of evidence, Study Guide, 6 th ed. St. Louis: Saunders.