Instructions: All answers are short-answer in nature. Please provide answers in complete sentences. You may, at your discretion, provide a rationale for your response.

1. Which of the nine (9) research designs discussed in class is used in the Permanent Supportive Housing research? Be specific (e.g., simply saying non-experimental or quasi-experimental is not enough). (10 points)
2. What are all the strengths and all the weaknesses related to the internal validity of the research design used in the Permanent Supportive Housing research? (10 points)
   1. Strengths (5 points)
   2. Weaknesses (5 points)
3. What are all the strengths and all the weaknesses related to the external validity of the research design used in the Permanent Supportive Housing research? (10 points)
   1. Strengths (5 points)
   2. Weaknesses (5 points)
4. Research is planned to determine the effects of a new approach to helping youth (age 16 to 25) transition from services (Medicaid, Social Security, Housing, Education, Employment) designed for children to those designed for adults, with an emphasis on developing skills for independence, which would reduce or eliminate the need for adult social services. A group of 45 youth is selected to participate in the new approach from over 600 youth being served by a large social service agency. These youth will have assessments on all measures at the beginning of the study, and again at the end of the study. It is discovered that of the remaining youth, a matching comparison group can be constructed, which will allow changes in youth receiving the new approach to be contrasted to changes in youth not receiving the new program. The comparison group is created by matching 45 members of the almost 600 remaining youth to youth in the treatment group. The youth are matched on age, sex, diagnosis, school grade, and living arrangement. The matching results in a comparison group of 45 youth. This second group of youth will also be assessed at the beginning of the study and again at the end of the study. Which of the nine (9) research designs discussed in class is being applied in this study? Be specific (e.g., simply saying non-experimental or quasi-experimental is not enough). (10 points)
5. What are all the strengths and all the weaknesses related to the internal validity of the research design described in Item 4? (10 points)
   1. Strengths (5 points)
   2. Weaknesses (5 points)
6. What are all the strengths and all the weaknesses related to the external validity of the research design described in Item 4? (10 points)
   1. Strengths (5 points)
   2. Weaknesses (5 points)
7. A research project is being conducted to determine the effect of a pre-school science and math curriculum on the development of later arithmetic and science achievement among children from low income families. Teachers are generally expected to develop both an appreciation for the value of science in the preschool classroom and the capacity to use science materials in the classroom. They will be assessed both before and after curriculum training to determine whether or not they are applying what they learned. What might be the most effective data collection method(s) to use to gather information about how well the teachers who are trained use the curriculum in their classroom work? Please explain. (10 points)
8. The Center for Substance Abuse Treatment (CSAT) is investigating outcome measures for use in programs for persons with substance use difficulties. One of the measures is the Individual Assessment Profile. Several studies have been conducted on the instrument, and reliability estimates for items, using internal consistency, ranged from .70 to .99. A second instrument is the Recovery Attitude and Treatment Evaluation (RAATE). Internal consistency reliabilities ranged from .63 to .78. The Texas Christian University Client Evaluation of Self and Treatment is the third instrument under investigation. Internal consistency reliabilities range from 0.58 to 0.96. What measure(s) would you recommend? Why? What measure(s) would you be concerned about? Why? (10 points)
9. Using the SPSS PSH dataset, what is the most appropriate measure of central tendency for each of the following? Why? (10 points)
   1. Level of Functioning
   2. Race
   3. Marital Status
   4. Annual income
   5. Highest Grade Attended
   6. Number of Dependents
10. Use the SPSS PSH dataset. What are the chi-square values, the probabilities of obtaining a chi-square of that size, the level of significance, the significance status (is the chi-square significant), the effect size, and the power for the relationship of Group to each of the following variables? Are there any instances in which the power is not high enough to detect a meaningful difference? Are there any cases in which statistical and practical significance do not agree (i.e., where one is significant and the other is not)? (15 points)
11. Use the SPSS PSH dataset. What are the chi-square values, the level of significance, the significance status (is the chi-square significant), the effect size, and the power for the relationship of Race to each of the following variables? Are there any instances in which the power is not high enough to detect a meaningful difference? Are there any cases in which statistical and practical significance do not agree (i.e., where one is significant and the other is not)? (15 points)

Extra Credit

1. Take your time to think this through. The answer is not necessarily long, so you won’t run out of time before the test is due. Consider sampling strategy (e.g., probability, non-probability) and research design. Which of these has the most impact on internal validity, and which has the most impact on external validity? That is, does sampling strategy have the greatest effect on internal validity or external validity? Does research design have the greatest effect on internal validity or external validity? Please explain your answer. Hint: It’s not ‘both’ in either circumstance; it’s a one-to-one relationship. (10 points)

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Solution: The downloadable solution consists of 10 pages, 1680 words.
Deliverable: Word Document