Question: Studies of student evaluations have shown that the grade one expects in a class correlates positively to overall ratings of the instructor. Thus, students who expect lower grades tend to evaluate the instructor lower, and students who expect higher grades tend to evaluate the instructor higher. Some have argued, however, that the association between grades and ratings is spurious, to some extent, and may be moderated somewhat by the level of intrinsic motivation a student has to learn course content. The more motivated the student, the less low or high expected grades influence or predict ratings. However, for students with low intrinsic motivation, extrinsic factors such as grades may play a more important role in how that student evaluates instruction. Is there any evidence that expected course grade and level of intrinsic motivation are associated with overall ratings of the instructor? Data appear below. For data analysis purposes, treat “Level of Intrinsic Motivation” as a nominal/categorical variable despite its appearance as an ordinal variable.