Question: The financial aid office of a university asks a sample of students about their employment and earnings. The report says that “for academic year earnings, a significant p-value was found between the sexes, with men earning more on the average. No significant p-value was found between the earnings of black and white students”. Based on what you know about hypothesis testing and p-value explain both conclusions, for the effects of sex and of race on mean earnings, in language understandable to someone who knows no statistics.