Question: Salerno Butter Cookies is considering substituting vegetable shortening for butter in their cookies. You do a statistical test of significance on each of the two recipes. Do you conduct a one-tailed or a two-tailed test? Explain why you say this.

You have been hired by Leo Burnett’s new package design group. Your client is Keebler cookies. The client wants to know which of two new package designs consumers prefer. Do you conduct a one-tailed test or a two-tailed test? Explain why you say this.