Question: Write a brief essay in which you address the following:

A. Define “association” in statistics. Explain how association is identified and demonstrated.

B. Define “causation” in statistical analysis. Describe at least two factors that influence relationships between two variables and can lead to misinterpretation of data analysis.

C. Explain when it is appropriate to use averages when computing correlations. Explain what statisticians should be aware of when doing this.