Question: A political candidate wishes to determine if endorsing increased social spending is likely to affect her standing in the polls. She has access to data on the popularity of several other candidates who have endorsed increased spending. The data was available both before and after the candidates announced their positions on the issue. The data are as follows:

Assuming no other factors were influencing the popularity ratings

a. State the nondirectional alternative hypothesis.

b. State the null hypothesis.

c. What is the value of t obtained.

d. What is the value of t critical.

d. What might the candidate conclude using α = 0.01_{2 tail}?

e. What type error might the candidate have made?

f. calculate cohen’s d