Question: It appears that there is a significant relationship between cognitive ability and social rank, at least for birds. Boogert, Reader, and Laland (2006) measured social rank and individual learning ability for a group of starlings. The following data represent results similar to those obtained in the study.

a. Because social rank is an ordinal variable, the Spearman correlation is appropriate for these data. The social rank categories and the learning scores should both be converted to ranks before the correlation is computed.

b. Based on the correlation from part a, is there a significant relationship between social rank and learning ability? Use a two-tailed test with α = .05