Question: Use the classical model of a closed economy (chapter 3) and the quantity theory of money (chapter 5, section 1) to predict how each of the following shocks would affect real aggregate income (Y), the real interest rate (r), and the price of goods and services (P) in a closed economy in the long run, all else equal . For each shock, be sure to clearly state a prediction for all three variables (up, down, or no change) and illustrate your predictions with supply/demand diagrams for the goods market and the loanable funds market.

1. An increase in total factor productivity (A up).
2. An increase in the income velocity of money (V up).

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