Question: Toshchke & colleagues collected data on obesity status of children ages 5-6 years and the smoking status of the mother during the pregnancy. They also reported on another outcome variable: whether the child was born premature (37 weeks or fewer of gestation). The following table summarizes the results of this aspect of the study: smoking during pregnancy and mother giving birth prematurely.

1. Compute the odds ratio to determine if smoking throughout pregnancy is related to premature birth.
2. Would you reject or fail to reject the null hypothesis of no association between smoking throughout pregnancy and premature birth if you knew that the computed chi-square value, Chi-square = 12.898 , and the critical value is 3.841 (using α = 5%)?

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