Question: Researchers hypothesize an association between the number of comorbid chronic diseases and cognitive function in individuals with Alzheimer’s Disease (AD). A study was conducted to evaluate this hypothesis. The number of comorbid chronic diseases was ascertained via self-report and categorized as: 0, 1-2, 3-4, or 5+. Global cognitive function was measured using the Mini-Mental State Exam (MMSE), which ranges from 0 to 30, with lower scores indicating worse cognitive functioning. The results of the study are presented in the Stata output below.

1. As can be seen in the provided codebook, the number of comorbid chronic diseases has been included in the model as a continuous variable ranging from 0 to 3 to represent the ordered categories (as opposed to including the exposure as a set of dummy variables). As a result, what assumption has been made about the relationship between the number of chronic diseases and scores on the MMSE?
2. What is the average MMSE score for an individual with 4 comorbid chronic diseases?
3. Calculate the 95% confidence interval for the slope and use this to draw a conclusion about the research hypothesis. Be sure to explain how you made this conclusion.
4. Based only on the 95% confidence interval from c), what do you expect the p-value for the slope to be? Less than 0.05 or greater than 0.05?

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