Solution: Payne (2001) gave participants a computerized task in which they first see a face and then a picture of either a gun or a tool. The task was to
Question: Payne (2001) gave participants a computerized task in which they first see a face and then a picture of either a gun or a tool. The task was to press one button if it was a tool and a different one if it was a gun. Unknown to the participants while they were doing the study, the faces served as a "prime" (something that starts you thinking a particular way) and half the time were of a black person and half the time of a white person. Table 2–8 shows the means and standard deviations for reaction times (time to decide if the picture is of a gun or a tool) after either a black or white prime. (In Experiment 2, participants were told to decide as fast as possible.) Explain the results to a person who has never had a course in statistics. (Be sure to explain some specific numbers as well as the general principle of the mean and standard deviation.)
| Target | Prime | |||
| Black | White | |||
| M | SD | M | SD | |
| Experiment 1 | ||||
| Gun | 423 | 64 | 441 | 73 |
| Tool | 454 | 57 | 446 | 60 |
| Experiment 2 | ||||
| Gun | 299 | 28 | 295 | 31 |
| Tool | 307 | 29 | 304 | 29 |
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