Question: A long-term study of changing environmental conditions in Chesapeake Bay found the following annual average salinity readings in one location in the bay: (TOTAL = 26 POINTS)

Year 1971 1972 1973 1974 1975 1976 1977

Salinity (%) 13.2 9.3 14.9 13.9 14.8 13.3 15.0

Year 1978 1979 1980 1981 1982 1983 1984

Salinity (%) 15.3 15.1 13.1 17.0 19.3. 15.6 15.3

EXPLAIN THE FOLLOWING QUESTIONS IN COMPLETE SENTENCES .

1. Make a scatter plot of salinity against time. Was salinity generally increasing or decreasing over these years? Is there an overall straight line trend over time? (14 points)
2. What is the correlation between salinity and year? What percentage of the observed variation in salinity is accounted for by straight line change over time? You must identify the variation in your response. Do not round your statistics. (5 points)
3. Find the least- squares regression line for predicting salinity from year. Draw the least- squares regression line on your scatterplot in problem 5a. Do not round any part of the least- squares regression line . Write the equation of the least- squares regression line near the line. Explain in simple language what the slope of this line tells you about Chesapeake Bay. (4 points)
4. Use the least-squares regression line in problem 5c to predict the trend if the data in the study continues. What would be the average salinity at this point in the bay in 1988? Did you use extrapolation, interpolation, or inter-extrapolation to predict the trend? (3 points)

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