Question: Each of the following statements suggests a common epidemiologic measure that could be calculated if all the data had been supplied in the statement. For each of these statements indicate what measure of morbidity or mortality is most likely being suggested and indicate the reasons for your answer.

1. Twelve cases of rabies were reported for the first time in Asheville this year.
   The measure of morbidity being suggested is the incidence rate, because the question is dealing with the number of new cases in a population occurring during a specified period of time.
2. Ten percent of all deaths are caused by fatal motor vehicular accidents in Summit County.
   The mortality measure being suggested is the cause-specific death rate, because this measure involves the cause of death (fatal motor vehicular accidents) and the population at risk (Summit County).
3. Last year 21 deaths occurred in Culver City from accidental drowning.
   The mortality measure being suggested is the cause-specific death rate, because the information reported deals with the number of deaths due to the specific cause of accidental drowning and the population (Culver City) and time period for which they have occurred (last year).
4. Sixty percent of the population of Orion has had the flu in the last two years.
   The measure being suggested is the incidence rate, because the question deals with the number of cases of flu occurring during a specific period of time (the last two years).
5. Of the 45 cases of hemorrhagic stroke admitted to Community Memorial Hospital last year, 12 died within two days of admission.
   The measure being suggested is the case fatality rate, because the information given deals with both the number of hemorrhagic stroke cases overall and the number of those cases that were fatal.
6. On March 1, 15 students at Gateway Middle School had pertussis while 120 did not.

The morbidity measure being suggested is prevalence, because the data provided indicate that the number of students with pertussis was measured on a specific point in time (March 1), and this measure includes both old and new cases. Prevalence deals with the number of cases (both old and new) in a defined population the population at a specific point in time, whereas incidence deals with the number of new cases in a population at risk occurring during a specified time period.

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