Question: In an experimental design to compare two different instructional modalities in teaching memorization techniques, random sampling was not possible based on practical constraints. In order to compensate for a possible mental ability bias, matched pairs of subjects were selected on the basis of an IQ test administered prior to the treatment. The dependent variable is measured on an interval scale.

1. A t-test may be used to test the equality of means of the two different group’s
   performance on dependent variable measure. Should this t-test of means be an independent or a dependent correlated test? Explain why.
2. Could a subject be its own match in a matched pair design? For example, in Situation

D, assume there is no carry-over or practice effect of the two memorization techniques. A

random sample is selected and each subject is trained in the use of one technique and is tested. Later each subject is trained in the use of the second technique and is tested using the same or parallel measure. Should the test of differences or means on the dependent variable for each technique use and independent or dependent correlated t-test? How does the design affect the internal validity?

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