Question: Diagnostic tests of medical conditions have several results.  The test result can be positive or negative, whether or not a patient has the condition.  A positive (+) indicates the patient has the condition. A negative test (-) indicates the patient does not have the condition.  Remember, a positive test does not prove the patient has the condition.  Additional medical work may be required. Consider a random sample of 200 patients, some of whom have a medical condition and some of whom do not.  Results of a new diagnostic test for the condition are shown:

Assume the sample is representative of the entire population.  For a person selected at random, compute the following probabilities.

1. P(+, given condition present); this is known as the sensitivity of a test.
2. P(-, given condition present);  this is known as the false-negative rate.
3. P(-, given condition absent);  this is known as the specificity of a test.
4. P(+, given condition absent); this is known as the false-negative rate.
5. P(condition present and +); this is the predictive value of the test.
6. P( condition present and -).

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