Question: Case control studies are often used in epidemiology.

1. One of the weaknesses of the case control study design is that    is it susceptible to selection bias.  What is selection bias?
2. What are the TWO conditions necessary for preventing selection bias in case control studies?

c) Why are these conditions so hard to achieve (i.e. why are case control studies still plagued by selection bias despite our understanding of the requirements to prevent it)?

d) Why is it preferable in a case control study to only include incident cases rather than prevalent cases?

e) In a case control study, the only valid measure of association that can be calculated is the odds ratio.  Under what conditions (be comprehensive and discuss them all ) can an odds ratio from a case control study be interpreted as the risk ratio you would have gotten had you conducted a cohort study on the same exposure-disease association in the same population? Explain in general terms why this is the case for each condition.

f) What form(s) of regression can you use to analyze data from a case control study?

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