Question: Amartya Sen famously wrote that \No famine has ever taken place in the history of the world in a functioning democracy". In this exercise you will undertake to examine the link between democracy and child malnutrition, to shed empirical light on Sen's statement. The file democracy underweight.csv provides data at the country level on two variables: (1) the proportion of underweight children 0-5 years old in each country. This variable is divided into three categories: Low: 0 to 14% of children in the country are underweight; Medium: 14 to 28% of children underweight; High: 28 to 42% of children underweight, and (2) whether the country is a democracy (TRUE/FALSE).

1. Make a cross-tabulation that shows the number of countries that take on each level for the two variables (i.e., how many countries are highly democratic and have a medium proportion of mal-nourished children, etc.). (Hint: the table should columns and rows with one variable (democracy, malnutrition) in each - see below. You may find Excel's PivotTable function useful) Make sure your table is well-labeled and clear.
   
2. Conduct a \({{\chi }^{2}}\) test to test whether there is a relationship between democracy and child malnutrition. Show your calculations. Interpret the findings.
3. Does this provide evidence that democracy causes improvements children's nutrition? Use the "four hurdles" framework from Kellstedt and Whitten to structure your answer.

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