1. VISITS The health department at a major university is interested in whether there is a difference in the mean number of visits to the student health center between college freshman and sophomores. Health center data was collected on freshmen (n= 50) and sophomores (n=60). The freshman has an average of 3.4 visits (SD = 4.5) and the sophomores had an average of 4.5 visits (SD = 1.9). Is there a significant difference in mean number of visits to the student health center between college freshman and sophomores?
2. WEIGHT LOSS A nutrition expert is examining a weight-loss program to evaluate a weight-loss program to evaluate its effectiveness. Ten subjects are randomly selected for the investigation. The subjects' initial weights are recorded (in lbs), they follow the program for six weeks, and they are weighed again. The data are as follows:

   Subject	Initial Weight	Final Weight
   1	180	165
   2	142	138
   3	126	128
   4	138	136
   5	175	170

   6	205	197
   7	116	115
   8	142	128
   9	157	144
   10	136	130

   
   Is the weight loss program effective?
3. SICK DAYS Hospital management hypothesizes that employees in non-supervisory positions take significantly more sick days per calendar year than employees in supervisory positions. To assess this claim, a test of hypothesis is planned. A random sample of 100 employees in non-supervisory positions took a mean of 6.7 sick days in the last calendar year (variance = 2.2 days ² ) while a random sample of 100 employees in supervisory positions took a mean of 4.8 sick days in the last calendar year (variance = 3.1 days ² ). Is there a significant difference?
4. OVER-THE-COUNTER Several years ago there were concerns about patients' appropriate use of over-the-counter medications, in particular the effects on functional abilities of over-the-counter antihistamines taken (inappropriately) in combination with alcohol. An investigation of these effects was undertaken according to a crossover design. In a crossover design, each participant is given each treatment under investigation. One hundred subjects were recruited for the study and had functional ability measured (defined as time in seconds to complete a physical task) in the presence of alcohol and the antihistamine and had functional ability measured in the presence of alcohol and a placebo. Differences were formed for each subject (i.e., time under influence of alcohol and antihistamine minus time under influence of alcohol and placebo). The mean difference in times was 25 seconds (SD = 20). Does the additional use of antihistamine with alcohol significantly decrease function?
5. CURRICULUM A new curriculum has been implemented across medical schools that is designed to improve medical students' analytic skills. An evaluation committee is concerned that the new curriculum may be differentially effective among male and female students. To evaluate the new curriculum, random samples of male (n = 14) and (n = 12) female students who completed the new curriculum are selected and given a test to assess their analytic skills. Males had a mean of 15.8 (SD = 4.2), females had a mean of 12.4 (SD = 3.6). Is there a gender difference?

8.2 Univariate Analysis of One Sample

CAT WEIGHT

1. Is the average weight of adult cats in Florida equal to 12 lbs ? Please look at the "SAS OUTPUT FOR UNIVARIATE ANALYSIS" file to answer this research question.
2. What is the implication of Type I and Type II error for this study?

8.3 Analysis of Paired Data (Paired t-test)

FATCAT

1. Is the average weight loss of obese cats enrolled in "Fat Cat Fighters" equal to 2 lbs ?
   Please look at the "SAS OUTPUT FOR PAIRED T-TEST " file to answer this research question.
   [Note that difference_ weight = post weight - pre weight]
2. What is the implication of Type I and Type II error for this study?

8.4 Comparing Variances of Two Groups (F-test)

MATH

1. Is there a difference in the variance of pre-post differences in math scores between students using a new math curriculum and students using the standard curriculum?
2. What is the implication of Type I and Type II error for this study?

8.5 Comparing Means of Two Groups (Independent Samples t-test)

1. MATH

1. Is there a difference in the average pre-post difference score in math scores between students using a new math curriculum and students using the standard curriculum?
2. What is the implication of Type I and Type II error for this study?

2. OFFICE

1. Is there a difference in the average SF-36 (the SF-36 is a multi-purpose, short-form health survey with only 36 questions) between adults who work inside offices for 40 hours per week and adults whose job requires being outside for 40 hours per week?
2. What is the implication of Type I and Type II error for this study?

3. DEPRESSION

1. Is there a difference in the variance of depression levels (as measured by the Beck Depression Inventory) between adolescents who live in Florida and adolescents who live in Colorado ?
   The Beck Depression Inventory ("BDI), created by Dr. Aaron 7'. Beck, is a 21- question multiple-choice self-report inventory that is one of the most widely used instruments for measuring the severity of depression. The BDI is widely used as an assessment tool by healthcare professionals and researchers in a variety of settings. Description of test: The BDI is a self- report analysis of depressive symptoms. Clinical interpretation of scores is accomplished through criterion-referenced procedures utilizing the following interpretive ranges: 0-13 - minimal depression; 14-19 - mild depression; 20-28 -moderate depression; and 29-63 -severe depression.
2. What is the implication of Type I and Type II error for this study?

8.6 Comparing Means of Three or More Groups (ANOVA)

KOLB

1. The Learning Style Inventory, an assessment method used to determine an individual's learning style, has been derived from Kolb's theory of learning. An individual may exhibit a preference for one of the four styles
   - Accommodating, Converging, Diverging and Assimilating - depending on his approach to learning via the experience learning theory model. A researcher poses the following question: Is there a difference among learning styles in the amount of time spent studying per week? Please look at the "SAS OUTPUT FOR ANOVA " file to answer this research question. The time unit in the output is in minutes.
2. What is the implication of Type I and Type II error for this study?

8.7 Multiple Comparison Tests

KOLB: The Learning Style Inventory, an assessment method used to determine an individual's learning style, has been derived from Kolb's theory of learning. An individual may exhibit a preference for one of the four styles - Accommodating, Converging, Diverging and Assimilating -depending on his approach to learning via the experience learning theory model. A researcher poses the following question: Is there a difference among learning styles in the amount of time spent studying per week? Use a multiple comparisons test to identify significant differences. Please look at the "SAS OUTPUT FOR ANOVA " file to answer this research question. The time unit in the output is in minutes.

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