1. A study is conducted to estimate the association between exposure to lead paint in childhood and attention-deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD). Data on $n=400$ children are collected, and data on exposure and ADHD diagnosis are shown in Table 9-26.

1. Estimate the crude or unadjusted relative risk.
2. Estimate the crude or unadjusted odds ratio.

TABLE 9-26 Exposure to Lead Paint and ADHD

2. In the study described in Problem 1, data are also available reflecting whether or not the child's father has ADHD. Therelationship between the father's diagnosis, the child's exposure to lead paint, and the child's diagnosis are shown in Table 9-27.

1. Estimate the relative risks and odds ratios for a child's diagnosis of ADHD relative to exposure to lead paint, stratified by the father's diagnosis of ADHD (i.e., for fathers with and without the diagnosis).
2. How do the results in Part (a) of this problem compare to the results in Problem 1?

6. A study is conducted in patients with HIV. The primary outcome is CD4 cell count, which is a measure of the stage of the disease. Lower CD4 counts are associated with more advanced disease. The investigators are interested in the association between vitamin and mineral supplements and CD4 count.A multiple regression analysis is performed relating CD4 count to the use of supplements (coded as 1=yes and 0= no) and to the duration of HIV in years (i.e., the number of years between the diagnosis of HIV and the study date). For the analysis, \(y=\mathrm{CD} 4\) count

\(\hat{y}=501.41+12.67\) (Supplements) - 30.23 (Duration of HIV).

1. What is the expected CD4 count for a patient taking supplements who has had HIV for 2.5 years?
2. What is the expected CD4 count for a patient not taking supplements who was diagnosed with HIV at study enrollment?
3. What is the expected CD4 count for a patient not taking supplements who has had HIV for 2.5 years?
4. If we compare two patients and one has had HIV for 5 years longer than the other, what is the expected difference in their CD4 counts?

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