Statistics - Hypothesis Testing Projects

Statistics Final This assignment requires students to demonstrate their knowledge of statistical concepts

Statistics Final

This assignment requires students to demonstrate their knowledge of statistical concepts and tests. Students will use SPSS to input and analyze a data set, explaining the rationale and results for all tests conducted and their analyses.

Enter the data from the following table into SPSS. All fields in the "Variable View" window should be completed for each variable. Save the data set as a sav file, and save the output with the tables and histograms as a spv file. Students should compose their answers to the assignment in a doc file, which should be uploaded along with the sav (data set) and spv (output) files for grading.

[Note: Class is defined as taking a course completely online (online), in the traditional face-to-face setting (face), and a mixture of online and face-to-face (hybrid), with participants only exposed to one of the three classes. Pre-test and post-test represent the scores obtained on a comprehensive statistics exam taken at the beginning of the course (pre-test) and at the end of the course (post-test), with scores ranging from 0 to 100. Self-efficacy was measured at the end of the course via a psychometrically sound test that reports scores ranging from 0 to 20, with larger scores representing higher levels of self-efficacy. Grade was reported as A (90-100), B (80-89), and U (under 80) for each student’s final grade in the course.]

Participant	Sex	Class	Pre-test	Post-test	Self-efficacy	Grade
1	Male	Online	55	80	14	B
2	Female	Online	60	90	12	A
3	Male	Online	48	78	16	U
4	Female	Online	52	85	11	B
5	Female	Online	66	89	12	B
6	Male	Online	61	77	15	U
7	Female	Online	42	83	12	B
8	Male	Online	49	83	17	B
9	Female	Face	63	95	18	A
10	Male	Face	55	83	14	B
11	Male	Face	58	86	15	B
12	Female	Face	62	92	15	A
13	Male	Face	47	74	14	B
14	Female	Face	43	84	15	B
15	Female	Face	67	98	19	A
16	Male	Face	41	79	13	U
17	Female	Hybrid	45	87	11	B
18	Male	Hybrid	57	81	13	B
19	Female	Hybrid	53	91	14	A
20	Male	Hybrid	62	82	15	B
21	Male	Hybrid	42	75	14	U
22	Female	Hybrid	60	88	12	B
23	Male	Hybrid	55	76	14	U
24	Female	Hybrid	59	86	11	B

Part 1: Descriptive Statistics
Instructions: Answer each of the following questions using the data set for this assignment.
1. List all of the variables in the data set and explain their scale of measurement (nominal, ordinal, interval, or ratio).

2. Describe the shape of the frequency distributions for the post-test and the self-efficacy variable according to symmetry, skewness, and modality.

3. What percentage of participants had a pre-test score of 62? Over 55? Less than or equal to 49? From 57 to 61?

4. What percentage of participants had a self-efficacy score of 14 or higher? Score equal to 12? Score equal to 13 or less? Score from 12 to 16?

5. What is the mean, median, mode, range, standard deviation, and variance for pre-test, post-test, and self-efficacy?

What do these results tell you about each variable?

6. What is the z score for the following participants’ self-efficacy score? z = (x - μ) / σ

What does each of these z scores tell you about the participant’s raw score?

7. Calculate the area under the normal curve for the following post-test scores: between 80 and 90; below 75; above 85; between 91 and 98. What do these areas represent?

Part 2: Inferential Statistics
Instructions: Five studies are described below. For each study, answer the following questions using the study description and the data set:

Studies : Answer questions A-F above for each of the following research studies. Treat each study separately.

A researcher wants to look at the effect of time on test scores, believing test scores will change over the semester from the pre-test to the post-test.
A researcher wants to look at the relationship between pre-test scores and post-test scores. If the relationship is significant, the researcher would like to predict post-test
scores from pre-test scores.
A researcher exposes participants to an online, face-to-face, or hybrid class, and then measures their knowledge via a post-test. The researcher believes that post-test scores for those in the face-to-face class will be higher than those in the online or hybrid class.
A researcher wants to look at the relationship between sex and grade and determine whether the variables are dependent on each other.
A researcher wants to look at the effects of sex and class on self-efficacy. The researcher believes that those who are in the face-to-face class will have higher levels of self-efficacy than those who are in the online or hybrid class. In addition, males are expected to have higher levels of self-efficacy than females. The females in the face-to- face class are expected to have higher levels of self-efficacy than all other groups (males in any class and females in the online and hybrid classes).